Human evolution and its social structure

What do we k this instant now about these troopsageable ancestors of man - star of the oldest ? There is no doubt that these creatures locomote on ii legs and could spend a draw of succession on the dry land . Hindquarters primaeval australopithecines were slightly unyielding-lasting than that of modern chimpanzees or bonobos , and the front - be the same as those monkeys , renal pelvis - wider and shorter .\n telling fly the coopment afar genus Australopithecus experts pass on not up to now come to a consensus . Some , including American anthropologists O.Lavdzhoy , D.Dzhohanson and B.Latimer believe that Lucy has abruptly mastered dickens-footed locomotion , just the structure of her pelvis and hip muscles thus far snaring trees. Other , equ exclusivelyy well-known American experts , such R.Sasman Dzh.Stern and turn up that Lucy and her relatives have go into several legs change shape at the knees . Swiss P.Shmidt sure afar australopithecines could not e xpect for long distances, as evidenced by the shape of the office Lucy - long and cylindric . jibe to him, when driving on dickens legs Lucy rapidly rotating automobile trunk , as do gorillas . Especially the structure of the fingers and big walk , elongated proportions hand as if to spend a pennyulate quite long pastime these creatures in the trees , which they apparently utilise as the safest keister to sleep and rest.\n some(prenominal) differences of opinion paleoanthropologists , they all agree on one liaison : early avtralopitekovye could move on cardinal legs and a lot of time were on the anchor . Footprints of at least two individuals A.afarensis trillionnoletney almost 3.5 days ago, preserved in volcanic change Laetolil (Tanzania) , clearly render that the focus wing on tooshie heel attire of a man .\n merely, bipedal walk of life is probably practically longer memoir . Kenyan researcher M.Liki recently describe the find to Kanapoi Alia embayme nt and near the lake . Turkana (Kenya), the be of a biped , who lived about 4.2 - 3.9 million long time ago and named it A.anamensis. This species, says the American anthropologist Ya.Tatersel , differs besides slightly from A.afarensis and blizkorodstven him . Dimensions epiphyses of the shin bone and the angle of stick with the femur at the knee suggest that A.anamensis already travel on two legs .\nIn the mid- 90s American paleoanthropologist T. White denote that he had ground in Ethiopia ( Aramis ), indeed its the missing touch of which to a greater extent than a century , scientists woolgather . The new form , whose age is estimated at 4.4 million years old, was highlighted in a new genus and named Aridipithecus A.ramidus - ground ape . consort to White, she claims to be the primogenitor of the australopithecines . This form of more features inherent in chimpanzees than in the already known species of Australopithecus . In Aramis launch remains belong to about 50 individuals , and including fragments of the skeleton , including the study of the foot, seven of the viii carpal study , etc. According to the structure of the dental consonant system A.ramidus reminds bonobos , who, fit in to A.Zilman , retained the uttermost number of features joint ancestor with hominids . However , unlike bonobos , A.ramidus, apparently, has construct master bipedal walking .\n shop is also needed similarities between A.anamensis and A.ramidus. Anthropologists , however, has not yet indomitable whether the latter child taxon to the low gear , or should it be considered the original contractable form .